in the Cover pic, you see a Perlino pearl mare to the left, and her offspring deluted by 2 cream gens, 1 champange gen and 2 pearl gens.
Basic info!
The cream delution, is a modifirer, which means that it´s NOT a color.
The cream delution is a gene that effect´s other colors.
to understand it bether you can compare it to water............if you take coca cola, and we say that is a color...let´s call it bay or brown, then you take a glass of water and we say that is the cream gene.
if you have the cola it´s brown....but then put water in the glas whit the cola, its now getting thinner in the color.......you can follow how the color of the cola get´s lighter and lighter....if you compare this to the crem gen, that whout be the effect of 1 cream gene.
witch mens that only one of the parent´s havde the cream gene....ect. brow mare + a cream stallion.
if the stallion is palomino, you have a offspring carring the cream gene but it whout properly not it selvf be infllictet (modyfied) by the cream gen it self.
Is the stallion cremello or perlino, whitch bouth have 2 genes of cream, then the offspring will be buckskin.....in other word´s you have then 2 glass of water in you´r glas of cola, så the color gets alot lighter then it was, så now you can accturley inflect another new glas of cola whit your now wary pale glas of cola......
this you can do whit any base color, whit the cream gene.
there is 3 base colors: red and black, and brown (agouti allel)
grey (is not a color) is ALWAYS dominant over any color and modifier, if the horse have a grey parent the offspring is 80% chance of beginning to be grey to...........in the cream modifier game, you can´t see on a cremello og perlino if it´s grey, you have to test the color. the horse will get very white in the coloring over the years, som faster then others, and the grey gene WILL effect a cream horse, like any other color.......it´is possible to breed out the gene by picking horses tha dont have the grey gene and that way get it out of your blodlines, but it´s alot of work of selective and very controld breeding.
so now you now how the gene works, another thing to think about is that there is other genes that like the grey gene can inflict on the cream gene, champange, pearl, sooty, Dun ect.
we will take it from the start whit the indflect on base colors, and then work the way thrue the effects and pictures.
The cream delution is a gene that effect´s other colors.
to understand it bether you can compare it to water............if you take coca cola, and we say that is a color...let´s call it bay or brown, then you take a glass of water and we say that is the cream gene.
if you have the cola it´s brown....but then put water in the glas whit the cola, its now getting thinner in the color.......you can follow how the color of the cola get´s lighter and lighter....if you compare this to the crem gen, that whout be the effect of 1 cream gene.
witch mens that only one of the parent´s havde the cream gene....ect. brow mare + a cream stallion.
if the stallion is palomino, you have a offspring carring the cream gene but it whout properly not it selvf be infllictet (modyfied) by the cream gen it self.
Is the stallion cremello or perlino, whitch bouth have 2 genes of cream, then the offspring will be buckskin.....in other word´s you have then 2 glass of water in you´r glas of cola, så the color gets alot lighter then it was, så now you can accturley inflect another new glas of cola whit your now wary pale glas of cola......
this you can do whit any base color, whit the cream gene.
there is 3 base colors: red and black, and brown (agouti allel)
grey (is not a color) is ALWAYS dominant over any color and modifier, if the horse have a grey parent the offspring is 80% chance of beginning to be grey to...........in the cream modifier game, you can´t see on a cremello og perlino if it´s grey, you have to test the color. the horse will get very white in the coloring over the years, som faster then others, and the grey gene WILL effect a cream horse, like any other color.......it´is possible to breed out the gene by picking horses tha dont have the grey gene and that way get it out of your blodlines, but it´s alot of work of selective and very controld breeding.
so now you now how the gene works, another thing to think about is that there is other genes that like the grey gene can inflict on the cream gene, champange, pearl, sooty, Dun ect.
we will take it from the start whit the indflect on base colors, and then work the way thrue the effects and pictures.
Base colors.
Ther are to understanding´s off what base colors is.
The 1. one is that there are 3 base colors..Red, black and brown......this is a world wide known theory....but in this theory, you will find that brown is based out of black, modified whit the agouti allel,or the red gene, whitch acturly means that brown is not a base color, but an effect on red and black.....
this is the 3 base colors of this theory.
The 1. one is that there are 3 base colors..Red, black and brown......this is a world wide known theory....but in this theory, you will find that brown is based out of black, modified whit the agouti allel,or the red gene, whitch acturly means that brown is not a base color, but an effect on red and black.....
this is the 3 base colors of this theory.
The 2. theory, is that there i only 2 base colors...if we are to be really men to this theory of any color fact, we can then look at the red and black gene´s to....they are accturly the same gene, just look at the fact that all black (homozygot and heterozygot) can breed red, and the other way around............if this is acceptet the case, we acturlly stand whit only 1 base color, that can be modified from all the other modifieres............Black (gen kode EE, the dominant black, red is ee = not dominant black, also known as a thining of color, like the cola and water effect, here it´s just lack of color from start)...........that is a little question to think about.
in this theory, the real brown is based on the agouti allel, and is not a base color. her is Bay a black horse whit red genes, and there for not a brown.
this is acterully a god theory, becaurse allot of horses tested to be brow, don´t have red factor, but agouti factor...so this theory can be truth.
Bay and brow is know and accepted in allot of country´s to defrendt color´s from one another. (look under horse genetic)
Horse Base Coat Red/Black Factor Agouti
Solid Black EE or Ee aa
Bay or Brown EE or Ee AA or Aa
Red (Chestnut/Sorrel) ee AA, Aa, or aa
Solid Black EE or Ee aa
Bay or Brown EE or Ee AA or Aa
Red (Chestnut/Sorrel) ee AA, Aa, or aa
Which one then?
we are going to use the theory about the 3 base color, cream can inflict and modifie all of those!
So now you know how the cream gene works, and whitch base color´s we are going inflickt whit cream.
so now we are going to begin.
So now you know how the cream gene works, and whitch base color´s we are going inflickt whit cream.
so now we are going to begin.
The cream gene, basic.
First to know. what is the cream gene, the cream gene is a dillution gene, that inflict the base color so it go lighter or changes the apperens of the color, this is a list of genes that changes the apperens of the horses look and base color. you can see here if it´s a dominant (mening there only have to be 1 gene to give the effect to the offspring) or if its incomplete dominant (mening you can use bouth 1 and 2 genes effect) or if it´s recessive, Hetrozygoth. (mening that its neds 2 genes always to inflick) then you can see if the gene is inflicting by it´s owen or if its only inflicts trough other genes, like the pearl gene, that only inflickt on cream genes. (mening only horses whit cream genes can be inflicktet to be pearl) or if the is base colores they dont inflickt on at all, like the silver gene, that can not inflickt on red pigment.
Dilution Gene Mode of Inheritance
Champagne Dominant
Cream Incomplete Dominant
Dun Dominant
Pearl Recessive *Additive Effect with Cream
Silver Dominant *No effect on red pigment
Dilution Gene Mode of Inheritance
Champagne Dominant
Cream Incomplete Dominant
Dun Dominant
Pearl Recessive *Additive Effect with Cream
Silver Dominant *No effect on red pigment
The effects that these doses have on the horse's base coloring are outlined as follows:
No Dilution (nn) Single Dilute (nCr) Double Dilute (CrCr)
Chestnut or Sorrel(red) -> Palomino -> Cremello
Bay (brown) -> Buckskin -> Perlino
Black -> Smoky Black -> Smoky Cream
Cream Dilution
The cream dilution gene affects both red and black pigment and is responsible for 'dilluting' the carrying horse to lighter coat shades and colors.
In many breeds this is often considered a highly desirable trait.
Cream dillution is the gene responsible for palominos, buckskins, cremellos and many more (see below chart).
Horses which carry one copy of the cream gene are identified as single dilutes;
they are heterozygous for the cream dilution gene. (Palominos, buckskin,smokey black ect.)
In the simplest case, a bay horse with a single copy of cream is known as a buckskin or baia (OBS: A buckskin and baia, is NOT the name of a brown horse, )
a single dilute black horse is known as a smoky black and a single dilute chestnut or sorrel horse is known as a palomino.
Single dilute horses have a 50% chance on passing the cream gene on to its offspring.
Horses which carry two copies of the cream gene are referred to as double dilutes;
they are homozygous for the cream dilution gene.
A bay (brown) horse with two copies of cream is known as a perlino.
A black horse with two copies of cream is known as a smoky cream
and a chestnut or sorrel (red) horse that carries two copies of cream is known as a cremello.
Double dilute horses will always pass on a copy of the cream gene to its foals.
Cream dilution is caused by a gene mutation (in this case an SNP) in exon 2 of the MATP gene, and subsequently a genetic test has been developed that tests for the presence of this mutation. OBS: There are other genes that may have an effect similar to cream dilution but will not be detected by this test.
The cream dilution gene affects both red and black pigment and is responsible for 'dilluting' the carrying horse to lighter coat shades and colors.
In many breeds this is often considered a highly desirable trait.
Cream dillution is the gene responsible for palominos, buckskins, cremellos and many more (see below chart).
Horses which carry one copy of the cream gene are identified as single dilutes;
they are heterozygous for the cream dilution gene. (Palominos, buckskin,smokey black ect.)
In the simplest case, a bay horse with a single copy of cream is known as a buckskin or baia (OBS: A buckskin and baia, is NOT the name of a brown horse, )
a single dilute black horse is known as a smoky black and a single dilute chestnut or sorrel horse is known as a palomino.
Single dilute horses have a 50% chance on passing the cream gene on to its offspring.
Horses which carry two copies of the cream gene are referred to as double dilutes;
they are homozygous for the cream dilution gene.
A bay (brown) horse with two copies of cream is known as a perlino.
A black horse with two copies of cream is known as a smoky cream
and a chestnut or sorrel (red) horse that carries two copies of cream is known as a cremello.
Double dilute horses will always pass on a copy of the cream gene to its foals.
Cream dilution is caused by a gene mutation (in this case an SNP) in exon 2 of the MATP gene, and subsequently a genetic test has been developed that tests for the presence of this mutation. OBS: There are other genes that may have an effect similar to cream dilution but will not be detected by this test.
Breeding whit the cream gene.
The cream gene is a incomletet gene, and that mens the breding rule´s is as follow´s. if the horses are homozygot.
non cream genes = C/C
1 creme gene/heterozygot = Cr/C
Dobbelt cream/BEC/homozygot = Cr/Cr
C/C x C/C = 100% C/C
Cr/C x C/C = 50% Cr/C og 50% C/C
Cr/Cr x C/C = 100% Cr/C
Cr/C x Cr/C = 25% C/C, 50% Cr/C og 25% Cr/Cr
Cr/C x Cr/Cr = 50% Cr/C og 50% Cr/Cr
Cr/Cr x Cr/Cr = 100% Cr/Cr
that means.:
Red x Red = Red
Red x Palomino = 50% Red og 50% Palomino
Cremello x Red = 100% Palomino
Palomino x Palomino = 25% Red, 50% Palomino, 25% Cremello
Palomino x Cremello = 50% Palomino og 50% Cremello
Cremello x Cremello = 100% Cremello
Brown x brown = brown
Brown x Buckskin = 50% brown & 50% buckskin
Cremello/perlino x brown = 100% Buckskin
Buckskin x Buckskin = 25% brown, 50% buckskin, 25 % perlino
Buckskin x perlino/cremello = 50% buckskin, 50% perlino
Perlino x Perlino =100% perlino
Black x black = black
Black x smokey black = 50% black & 50% smokey black
cremello/perlino x Black = 100% smokey black
Smokey black x Smokey black = 25% black, 50% smokey black, 25% perlino/cremello
Smokey black x perlino/cremello = 50 Smokey black, 50 % smokey cream
Smokey cream x smokey cream = 50% smokey cream, 50% perlino/cremello
Smokey cream x Cremello/perlino = 100% cremello/perlino
so as you can see the black is a step behind before turning to cremello/perlino again.
The cream gene is a incomletet gene, and that mens the breding rule´s is as follow´s. if the horses are homozygot.
non cream genes = C/C
1 creme gene/heterozygot = Cr/C
Dobbelt cream/BEC/homozygot = Cr/Cr
C/C x C/C = 100% C/C
Cr/C x C/C = 50% Cr/C og 50% C/C
Cr/Cr x C/C = 100% Cr/C
Cr/C x Cr/C = 25% C/C, 50% Cr/C og 25% Cr/Cr
Cr/C x Cr/Cr = 50% Cr/C og 50% Cr/Cr
Cr/Cr x Cr/Cr = 100% Cr/Cr
that means.:
Red x Red = Red
Red x Palomino = 50% Red og 50% Palomino
Cremello x Red = 100% Palomino
Palomino x Palomino = 25% Red, 50% Palomino, 25% Cremello
Palomino x Cremello = 50% Palomino og 50% Cremello
Cremello x Cremello = 100% Cremello
Brown x brown = brown
Brown x Buckskin = 50% brown & 50% buckskin
Cremello/perlino x brown = 100% Buckskin
Buckskin x Buckskin = 25% brown, 50% buckskin, 25 % perlino
Buckskin x perlino/cremello = 50% buckskin, 50% perlino
Perlino x Perlino =100% perlino
Black x black = black
Black x smokey black = 50% black & 50% smokey black
cremello/perlino x Black = 100% smokey black
Smokey black x Smokey black = 25% black, 50% smokey black, 25% perlino/cremello
Smokey black x perlino/cremello = 50 Smokey black, 50 % smokey cream
Smokey cream x smokey cream = 50% smokey cream, 50% perlino/cremello
Smokey cream x Cremello/perlino = 100% cremello/perlino
so as you can see the black is a step behind before turning to cremello/perlino again.
Red genes and cream.
Red x Red = Red
Red x Palomino = 50% Red og 50% Palomino
Cremello x Red = 100% Palomino
Palomino x Palomino = 25% Red, 50% Palomino, 25% Cremello
Palomino x Cremello = 50% Palomino og 50% Cremello
Cremello x Cremello = 100% Cremello
on the pict you will see some the effect in standart vertion, mening no other effect is seen on the horse. unless the gray and cream gene.
Red x Palomino = 50% Red og 50% Palomino
Cremello x Red = 100% Palomino
Palomino x Palomino = 25% Red, 50% Palomino, 25% Cremello
Palomino x Cremello = 50% Palomino og 50% Cremello
Cremello x Cremello = 100% Cremello
on the pict you will see some the effect in standart vertion, mening no other effect is seen on the horse. unless the gray and cream gene.
Brown genes and cream.
Brown x brown = brown
Brown x Buckskin = 50% brown & 50% buckskin
Cremello/perlino x brown = 100% Buckskin
Buckskin x Buckskin = 25% brown, 50% buckskin, 25 % perlino
Buckskin x perlino/cremello = 50% buckskin, 50% perlino
Perlino x Perlino =100% perlino
on the pict you will see some the effect in standart vertion, mening no other effect is seen on the horse. unless the gray and cream gene.
Brown x Buckskin = 50% brown & 50% buckskin
Cremello/perlino x brown = 100% Buckskin
Buckskin x Buckskin = 25% brown, 50% buckskin, 25 % perlino
Buckskin x perlino/cremello = 50% buckskin, 50% perlino
Perlino x Perlino =100% perlino
on the pict you will see some the effect in standart vertion, mening no other effect is seen on the horse. unless the gray and cream gene.
Black + cream gene.
Black x black = black
Black x smokey black = 50% black & 50% smokey black
cremello/perlino x Black = 100% smokey black
Smokey black x Smokey black = 25% black, 50% smokey black, 25% perlino/cremello
Smokey black x perlino/cremello = 50 Smokey black, 50 % smokey cream
Smokey cream x smokey cream = 50% smokey cream, 50% perlino/cremello
Smokey cream x Cremello/perlino = 100% cremello/perlino
on the pict you will see some the effect in standart vertion, mening no other effect is seen on the horse. unless the gray and cream gene.
Black x smokey black = 50% black & 50% smokey black
cremello/perlino x Black = 100% smokey black
Smokey black x Smokey black = 25% black, 50% smokey black, 25% perlino/cremello
Smokey black x perlino/cremello = 50 Smokey black, 50 % smokey cream
Smokey cream x smokey cream = 50% smokey cream, 50% perlino/cremello
Smokey cream x Cremello/perlino = 100% cremello/perlino
on the pict you will see some the effect in standart vertion, mening no other effect is seen on the horse. unless the gray and cream gene.